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4. Questions - Got a question about Caddo then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
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6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Caddo wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Caddo then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Caddo site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Caddo, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Caddo, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
This is an article about the Caddo ethnic group; see also Caddo County, Oklahoma and Caddo, Oklahoma. There is also a harvestman
genus called
Caddo (harvestman).
{{Ethnic group||group=Caddo|image=
A Caddo solar cross, a religious symbol of both the sun and fire.] –
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and
Texas and [English language|rels=|related=Native Americans in the United States
North American natives
Southeast natives
Caddo <
Anadarko (tribe)>
< Adai>
< Hai-ish>
< Hasinai>
< Kadohadacho>
< Nacogdoches (tribe)>
<
Natchitoches (tribe)>
<
Yatasi>
"Sibling" groups:
Native Americans in the United States
North American natives
Great Plains natives
Pawnee Southeastern tribes
Wichita (tribe)
-->
The
Caddo are a nation, or group of tribes, of Southeastern tribes
Native Americans in the United States who, in the
16th century, inhabited much of what is now East Texas, western Louisiana and portions of southern Arkansas and
Oklahoma. The Caddo historically consisted of three confederation of at least twenty five different tribes and spoke a variety of dialects of the
Caddoan languages. Today the Caddo are a cohesive tribe with their capital at Binger, Oklahoma, and the Caddoan dialects have converged into a single language. The current Chairperson of the Caddo is LaRue Parker.
This article covers the Caddo as a tribe, or nation.For other Caddoan languages see:
Caddoan languages
History
The
oral traditions of the Caddo suggest that they developed their culture in Arkansas and spread out to the south and west from there. At one time both the Wichita and Pawnee were part of the same nation as the Caddo, a fact attested to in that the Wichita and Pawnee spoke Caddoan languages. Between 500 AD and
800 AD the Caddo emerged as distinct and separate nation.
The Caddo tribes were divided into three confederacies, which were linked by a common language; the Hasinai, Kadohadacho, and the Natchitoches. The Haisinai and Kadohadacho lived in what is now
East Texas and the Natchitoches in what is now Northwestern
Louisiana. The Haisinai lived in the land from the
Nacogdoches, Texas, which was originally a Caddo settlement, area to the Neches River. The Haisinai were given the name Tejas by Spanish Explorers, based on the Caddo word táysha?, "friend", and this later became the source of "Tejas" and later "Texas" (Bolton 2002:63-64). The Kadohadacho settled the land from the Caddo Lake area to the Red River (Mississippi watershed). The Nachitoches settled around
Natchitoches, Louisiana, which was originally a Caddo settlement, and in the Cane River Valley.
The Caddo first encountered Europeans in 1542 when the Hernando de Soto (explorer)
Hernando De Soto Expedition came through their lands. De Soto's force had a violent clash with one band of Caddo Indians, recorded by his expedition as the 'Tula', near Caddo Gap, Arkansas. This event is marked by a monument that stands in the small town today. With the arrival of missionary from
Spain and France a Smallpox epidemic broke out that decimated the population. The Caddo invited the
European missionaries to return and upon their return a worse epidemic reduced the population to only 1,000.
In
1859, the state of Texas removed the remaining Caddo from its territory to a
reservation in Oklahoma and in 1874 the Caddo officially united as a distinct tribe.
Culture
To be written along the lines of Wikipedia:WikiProject Ethnic Groups Template
Institutions
The Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma is a federally recognized tribe. It is currently considering changing its official name to the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma. A tribal constitution, adopted in 1938 and revised in 1976, provides for a tribal council consisting of eight members with a chairperson, based in Binger, Oklahoma. They maintain administrative centers, dance grounds, and several community centers. Several programs exist to invigorate Caddo traditions.
See also
External links
- Kiwat Hasinay Foundation - Caddo Language for Caddo People
- Official Caddo Nation of Oklahoma Website
- Online Exhibit on Caddo Culture
- Sketch of a Caddo Chief from A pictorial history of Texas, from the earliest visits of European adventurers, to AD 1879, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
- Treaty between the Republic of Texas and the Caddo and other Indian tribes, 1844 from Gammel's Laws of Texas, Vol. II. hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
- Peace Treaty with the Caddo and other Native American Tribes, September 14, 1837 from Texas Tides
- Arms to the Caddo, February 22, 1839 from Texas Tides
- Caddo Tomahawk, 1800s from Texas Tides
- Drawing of Caddo pot, 1900 from Texas Tides
References
Bolton, Herbert Eugene, edited and introduced by Russell Magnaghi.
The Hasinais: Southern Caddoans as seen by the Earliest Europeans. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. 194 p. ISBN 058517038X
This is an article about the Caddo ethnic group; see also Caddo County, Oklahoma and Caddo, Oklahoma. There is also a harvestman genus called
Caddo (harvestman).
{{Ethnic group||group=Caddo|image=
A Caddo solar cross, a religious symbol of both the sun and fire.] – Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, and Texas and [English language|rels=|related=
Native Americans in the United States North American natives
Southeast natives
Caddo < Anadarko (tribe)>
<
Adai>
<
Hai-ish>
<
Hasinai>
<
Kadohadacho>
< Nacogdoches (tribe)>
<
Natchitoches (tribe)>
< Yatasi>
"Sibling" groups:
Native Americans in the United States North American natives
Great Plains natives
Pawnee Southeastern tribes
Wichita (tribe)
-->
The
Caddo are a nation, or group of tribes, of Southeastern tribes
Native Americans in the United States who, in the 16th century, inhabited much of what is now
East Texas, western Louisiana and portions of southern Arkansas and
Oklahoma. The Caddo historically consisted of three confederation of at least twenty five different tribes and spoke a variety of dialects of the
Caddoan languages. Today the Caddo are a cohesive tribe with their capital at Binger, Oklahoma, and the Caddoan dialects have converged into a single language. The current Chairperson of the Caddo is
LaRue Parker.
This article covers the Caddo as a tribe, or nation.For other Caddoan languages see:
Caddoan languages
History
The oral traditions of the Caddo suggest that they developed their culture in Arkansas and spread out to the south and west from there. At one time both the Wichita and Pawnee were part of the same nation as the Caddo, a fact attested to in that the Wichita and Pawnee spoke Caddoan languages. Between
500 AD and
800 AD the Caddo emerged as distinct and separate nation.
The Caddo tribes were divided into three confederacies, which were linked by a common language; the Hasinai, Kadohadacho, and the Natchitoches. The Haisinai and Kadohadacho lived in what is now East Texas and the Natchitoches in what is now Northwestern Louisiana. The Haisinai lived in the land from the
Nacogdoches, Texas, which was originally a Caddo settlement, area to the Neches River. The Haisinai were given the name Tejas by Spanish Explorers, based on the Caddo word táysha?, "friend", and this later became the source of "Tejas" and later "Texas" (Bolton 2002:63-64). The Kadohadacho settled the land from the
Caddo Lake area to the Red River (Mississippi watershed). The Nachitoches settled around
Natchitoches, Louisiana, which was originally a Caddo settlement, and in the
Cane River Valley.
The Caddo first encountered
Europeans in
1542 when the
Hernando de Soto (explorer) Hernando De Soto Expedition came through their lands. De Soto's force had a violent clash with one band of Caddo Indians, recorded by his expedition as the 'Tula', near Caddo Gap, Arkansas. This event is marked by a monument that stands in the small town today. With the arrival of missionary from
Spain and France a
Smallpox epidemic broke out that decimated the population. The Caddo invited the
European missionaries to return and upon their return a worse epidemic reduced the population to only 1,000.
In 1859, the state of Texas removed the remaining Caddo from its territory to a reservation in Oklahoma and in 1874 the Caddo officially united as a distinct tribe.
Culture
To be written along the lines of Wikipedia:WikiProject Ethnic Groups Template
Institutions
The Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma is a federally recognized tribe. It is currently considering changing its official name to the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma. A tribal constitution, adopted in 1938 and revised in 1976, provides for a tribal council consisting of eight members with a chairperson, based in Binger, Oklahoma. They maintain administrative centers, dance grounds, and several community centers. Several programs exist to invigorate Caddo traditions.
See also
External links
- Kiwat Hasinay Foundation - Caddo Language for Caddo People
- Official Caddo Nation of Oklahoma Website
- Online Exhibit on Caddo Culture
- Sketch of a Caddo Chief from A pictorial history of Texas, from the earliest visits of European adventurers, to AD 1879, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
- Treaty between the Republic of Texas and the Caddo and other Indian tribes, 1844 from Gammel's Laws of Texas, Vol. II. hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
- Peace Treaty with the Caddo and other Native American Tribes, September 14, 1837 from Texas Tides
- Arms to the Caddo, February 22, 1839 from Texas Tides
- Caddo Tomahawk, 1800s from Texas Tides
- Drawing of Caddo pot, 1900 from Texas Tides
References
Bolton, Herbert Eugene, edited and introduced by Russell Magnaghi.
The Hasinais: Southern Caddoans as seen by the Earliest Europeans. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. 194 p. ISBN 058517038X
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